{"id":22013,"date":"2021-12-10T21:22:12","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T15:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/?p=22013"},"modified":"2021-12-28T23:08:30","modified_gmt":"2021-12-28T17:38:30","slug":"autonomous-vehicle-technology-current-development-standards-architecture-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/automation\/autonomous-vehicle-technology-current-development-standards-architecture-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology: Current Development Standards, Architecture &#038; Design"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"22013\" class=\"elementor elementor-22013\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5696a4a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5696a4a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31ddc1b\" data-id=\"31ddc1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d7a48e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d7a48e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Don\u2019t we\u00a0always wonder what\u00a0actually gives\u00a0vehicles the ability to be autonomous?\u00a0As laymen,\u00a0we do know that\u00a0that there are sensors, <a href=\"http:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/ai-and-machine-learning\/\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">AI<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0and complex algorithms involved. However, now we will\u00a0dive deep\u00a0into an overall view of the current\u00a0standards for development\u00a0technology,\u00a0the\u00a0architecture used,\u00a0and the scope of autonomous vehicles in the future!<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In order to understand autonomous car\u00a0technology,\u00a0we\u00a0first need to understand the\u00a0standardized autonomous levels declared by the\u00a0<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sae.org\/\">SAE\u00a0(Society of Automotive Engineers)<\/a>!\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a538632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a538632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"137\" src=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-22015\" alt=\"SAE Logo\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4af98e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4af98e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Who is the SAE? Why are they so important?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a84f20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a84f20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW69446431 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW69446431 BCX0\">The SAE was initially conceptualized in the 1920s when multiple automobile manufacturers wanted a forum to exchange their ideas and revolutionize the industry. They gradually grew and are now a forum for companies, government agencies, research institutes, and consultants to set technical standards and recommended principles and practices for the design and construction of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW69446431 BCX0\">automobile<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW69446431 BCX0\">\u00a0components. However, they do not have any legal power but their work is often used for reference by US\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW69446431 BCX0\">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Transport Canada.<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW69446431 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW69446431 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5db1e25 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5db1e25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89ba6a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"89ba6a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Now, let\u2019s analyze some of the factors we will be taking into account to define these levels. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-648fb34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"648fb34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Acceleration\/Deceleration:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fThis factor helps us analyze if this needs to be done by a human or by the system\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Monitoring surroundings:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">\u202f<\/span>Does the car need human intervention to navigate\u00a0its\u00a0way around obstacles or will the system do it\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Driving Modes:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">These are scenarios that a\u00a0system\/human\u00a0would have to consider. Driving modes would include\u00a0an\u00a0increase in speed on highways and\u00a0a\u00a0decrease in speed in traffic jams, expressway merging, closed campus operations,\u00a0etc.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Navigating driving modes:<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This factor will analyze if the human will switch between the driving modes mentioned above or the system?\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5797b46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5797b46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW236509453 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW236509453 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"eop\" data-ccp-charstyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;d31aa408-a4b7-4410-9234-fdc6425c5438|107&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:[134233614,&quot;true&quot;,201340122,&quot;1&quot;,469775450,&quot;eop&quot;,469778129,&quot;eop&quot;,469778324,&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;]}\">Given below is a table with the description of SAE Levels and the intensity of automation require for each level<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW236509453 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f378be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f378be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/SAE-Levels-and-the-intensity-of-automation.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"SAE Levels and the intensity of automation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjIwMTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9pc21pbGV0ZWNobm9sb2dpZXMuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8xMlwvU0FFLUxldmVscy1hbmQtdGhlLWludGVuc2l0eS1vZi1hdXRvbWF0aW9uLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"909\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/SAE-Levels-and-the-intensity-of-automation.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-22018\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/SAE-Levels-and-the-intensity-of-automation.png 909w, https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/SAE-Levels-and-the-intensity-of-automation-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/SAE-Levels-and-the-intensity-of-automation-768x465.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 909px) 100vw, 909px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce8f01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ce8f01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\">Now that we know the level of automation in<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\">volved in each of the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2 SCXW36066944 BCX0\">levels<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\">\u00a0we can further our discussion about\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\">the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\">technology<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW36066944 BCX0\">\u00a0and architecture of these autonomous cars<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW36066944 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2446d3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a2446d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98d948b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98d948b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">So where are we now? How many of these levels have autonomous vehicles reached today?  <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a181def elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a181def\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-22017\" alt=\"Autonomous vehicles_levels\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3.png 468w, https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-3-300x177.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c0a621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c0a621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What about automation above Level 3? \n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69b5beb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69b5beb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW173982123 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW173982123 BCX0\">As of November 2021, vehicles operating at Level 3 and above are only a minor portion of the market. There are multiple trials going on and some of the cars greater than automation of Level 3 have been implemented. For example:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW173982123 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10e6084 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10e6084\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Waymo<\/span><\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">is\u00a0the first\u00a0in the market\u00a0to\u00a0provide\u00a0driver-less taxi rides to the general public in a\u00a0small\u00a0part of Phoenix, Arizona in 2020.\u00a0There is no driver in the car but vehicles are being monitored remotely by Waymo staff using cameras.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Honda<\/span><\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">is\u00a0the first manufacturer to provide a legally approved Level 3 vehicle<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Toyota<\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span>deployed a\u00a0Level 4 service\u00a0car\u00a0around Tokyo 2020 Olympic Village\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">Nuro<\/span><\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">is given the permit\u00a0to\u00a0kick off\u00a0autonomous\u00a0car\u00a0commercial delivery operations in California in 2021<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\">AutoX<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">initiated\u00a0two publicly accessible\u00a0trials of\u00a0robotaxis\u00a0in Shenzhen\u00a0and Beijing in 2020<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-706d264 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"706d264\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW83656536 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW83656536 BCX0\">As we can see further trials and testing need to be performed before we see automated cars above Level 3 automation in the market in large amounts. However, the key market players are utilizing their resources to the best of their abilities to develop such cars.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW83656536 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0dc4cd7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0dc4cd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bd312b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bd312b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Now, let\u2019s analyze the software functional requirements for these cars in order to operate successfully  <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7653682 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7653682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"578\" height=\"491\" src=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-22016\" alt=\"Software functional requirements_autonomous vehicles\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2.png 578w, https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/image-2-300x255.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f16c86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f16c86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Navigation\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2666 Factors to be considered:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202flocation detection, electronic map or GPS, map matching, path planning, environment perception, laser perception, radar perception,\u202fvisual perception, vehicle control over speed and direction.\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2666 Algorithms\u202f<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">based on Sensor Fusion to integrate <a href=\"http:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/data-and-analytics\/\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">data<\/span><\/a> from multiple sensors to provide the car with\u00a0a\u00a0useful view of the environment.\u202fThey also utilize machine vision for visual object recognition\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bayesian simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202fthat take data from multiple sensors and an offline map and merge it with current location estimates and significant updates from the map\u202f<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Real-Time Locating System (RTLS)\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">help with localization\u202f<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Deep\u202fNeural Networks: <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Create and implement a neural network that consists of data from real-life scenarios so that the neural network can learn how to implement the best course of action while driving\u202f. <\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">New tools: <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maplite\u202fcan help cars drive without 3D maps and allows cars to drive on roads that they have nevertraveled\u00a0before. It collates the GPS position of a vehicle, Open Street Map software that consists of 2D features of roads,\u00a0and multiple sensors that observe road conditions.\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Storage of Homogenous data:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Data collected by sensors, GPS, vision recognition\u202ftools and radar\u202fneeds to be interpreted in the same form by\u202fthe operating system of\u202fself-driving cars.\u202fISO\/TC 204 is in charge of information for intelligent transport systems and the international standard domains are connectivity, human interaction, AD\/ADAS functions, map positioning, privacy, security and\u00a0in-vehicle\u00a0system engineering\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Vehicle Communication Systems:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">All autonomous vehicles\u202fon a particular road\u202fcommunicate with each other in a P2P network\u202fand exchange information.\u202fThe multiple sensors and radars store large amounts of data and these digital traces can be used to incorporate vehicle communication systems\u202fNo complete implementation of this software yet. However, if the implementation is successful, it can enable automated cars to function efficiently in detecting obstacles and we might reach SEA Level 6. This is desirable\u202fbecause\u202fcomputer\u202fvision cannot accurately detect obstacles.\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000000;\">Reprogramming:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Autonomous vehicles should have\u00a0a\u00a0heavy focus on\u00a0the\u00a0software since the software is what enables the self-driving feature. Updates should come from\u00a0suppliers\u00a0but since these are smart\u202fvehicles,\u202fthey should be able to reprogram and install significant updates themselves due to machine learning\u202fand allows for continuous improvement of the product. This, however,\u00a0is still work in progress.\u202f\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab578ee elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ab578ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231403f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"231403f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What can iSmile Technologies do? <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-338d65f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"338d65f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\">As we have seen so far, only SEA Level 0-2 cars have been implemented and introduced in the public and SEA Level 3 and above are still in their testing phase<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\">\u00a0and very few models have been released to public.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/request-a-consultation\/\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW14081375 BCX0\">iS<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW14081375 BCX0\">mile<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u00a0Technologies<\/span> can conduct\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\">research<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\">\u00a0on how to achieve desirable architecture for autonomous vehicles. We can focus on Vehicle communication systems and reprogramming<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW14081375 BCX0\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW14081375 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Don\u2019t we&nbsp;always wonder what&nbsp;actually gives&nbsp;vehicles the ability to be autonomous?&nbsp;As laymen,&nbsp;we do know that&nbsp;that there are sensors, AI,&nbsp;and complex algorithms involved. However, now we will&nbsp;dive deep&nbsp;into an overall view of the current&nbsp;standards for development&nbsp;technology,&nbsp;the&nbsp;architecture used,&nbsp;and the scope of autonomous vehicles in the future!&nbsp; In order to understand autonomous car&nbsp;technology,&nbsp;we&nbsp;first need to understand the&nbsp;standardized autonomous levels [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":22029,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-automation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22013"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22464,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22013\/revisions\/22464"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ismiletechnologies.com\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}